Individual skill

recovering-deleted-files-with-photorec

Recover deleted files from disk images and storage media using PhotoRec's file signature-based carving engine regardless of file system damage.

internal/tools/skills/data/digital-forensics/recovering-deleted-files-with-photorec/SKILL.md

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# Recovering Deleted Files with PhotoRec

## When to Use
- When recovering deleted files from a forensic disk image or storage device
- When the file system is corrupted, formatted, or overwritten
- During investigations requiring recovery of documents, images, videos, or databases
- When file system metadata is unavailable but raw data sectors remain intact
- For recovering files from memory cards, USB drives, and hard drives

## Detection Gaps & Validation

Signature carving recovers bytes, not files-as-the-user-knew-them. Understand what PhotoRec structurally cannot do before reporting results:

- **Fragmentation is the core limitation.** PhotoRec carves contiguously from a header until a footer or size cap; if a file was stored in non-contiguous clusters (common for large/edited files on a busy volume), you get a truncated or corrupt result and the tail is silently lost. A "recovered" 4 KB DOCX from a 2 MB original is a fragment — validate, don't assume completeness.
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