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sociology-research-methods

Sociological research methods from observation to quantitative analysis

skills/domains/social-science/sociology-research-methods/SKILL.md

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# Sociological Research Methods

## Overview

Sociology studies social structures, institutions, relationships, and change through systematic empirical investigation. This guide covers the major research traditions — from ethnographic fieldwork to large-scale survey analysis — along with the theoretical frameworks that shape research questions. Useful for researchers designing social science studies or analyzing sociological data.

## Core Theoretical Frameworks

Understanding which framework shapes your research question determines your methodology:

| Framework | Core Question | Methods Favored | Key Thinkers |
|-----------|--------------|-----------------|-------------|
| **Structural Functionalism** | How do institutions maintain social order? | Surveys, statistical analysis | Durkheim, Parsons, Merton |
| **Conflict Theory** | How does power inequality shape outcomes? | Historical analysis, critical ethnography | Marx, Weber, Bourdieu |