Individual skill

reverse-eng-firmware

Extract and analyze device firmware to find hardcoded secrets, backdoors, vulnerable services, and the real version behind an appliance. Load when you have a firmware image or can pull one. Signals: a .bin/.img firmware download, a router/IoT/appliance in scope, an OTA update file, a flash dump, "analyze this firmware", SquashFS/JFFS2/CramFS, U-Boot headers, hunting the code behind a CVE on FortiGate/Ivanti/etc.

skills/reverse-engineering/reverse-eng-firmware/SKILL.md

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Last checked: Nov 7, 2026

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Repository stars (not skill ratings): 27
Repository last updated: Oct 14, 2026
License: MIT

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engineering Derived category

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# Firmware analysis

## When it applies
You have a firmware image — a vendor download, an OTA update, or a flash dump — for a router, IoT
device, or network appliance in scope. Offline firmware analysis is the static counterpart to
`network-appliance-attacks`: it explains *why* a device is vulnerable and often yields the exact
version, hardcoded creds, or patched-function diff behind an edge CVE.

## Why it works
Firmware ships the whole system: a packed filesystem, config, keys, and binaries. Vendors routinely
leave hardcoded credentials, private keys, debug/backdoor accounts, and old vulnerable services in
the image — all readable offline, with no traffic to the live device, once you carve the filesystem
out of the container.