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detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies

Detect anomalies in Modbus/TCP and Modbus RTU industrial traffic via function code monitoring, register range validation, timing analysis, and deep packet inspection, using Zeek's Modbus analyzer, Suricata IDS with OT rules, and Python Markov chain models of normal transaction sequences. Use for deploying Modbus IDS in OT environments, baselining polling patterns, investigating suspicious Modbus traffic, or building function code allowlists.

skills/detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies/SKILL.md

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# Detecting Modbus Protocol Anomalies

## When to Use

- When deploying Modbus-specific intrusion detection in an OT environment
- When building baseline models for deterministic Modbus polling patterns
- When investigating suspicious Modbus traffic flagged by OT monitoring tools
- When implementing function code allowlisting on industrial firewalls
- When detecting unauthorized Modbus write commands that could manipulate process setpoints

**Do not use** for securing Modbus communications end-to-end (Modbus has no native security; see implementing-network-segmentation-for-ot for firewall-based controls), for non-Modbus protocol monitoring (see detecting-anomalies-in-industrial-control-systems for multi-protocol), or for active fuzzing of Modbus implementations (see performing-plc-firmware-security-analysis).

## Prerequisites
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