Individual skill

genomic-coordinates

Convert genomic intervals between coordinate conventions, normalise and compare variant representations, and detect assembly or contig-naming mismatches before they corrupt an analysis. Use whenever coordinates cross a format, tool, or assembly boundary - converting between BED, GFF/GTF, VCF, SAM/BAM, WIG, PSL, genePred, Picard interval_list, or region strings; reconciling 0-based half-open with 1-based inclusive; left-aligning or trimming indels; checking whether two variant records describe the same change; mapping genomic to transcript, CDS, or protein positions; auditing a BED/GTF/VCF for convention violations; or diagnosing GRCh37 vs hg19 vs GRCh38 vs T2T, chr-prefix, and liftover problems. Triggers include "off by one", "0-based", "1-based", "half-open", "coordinate system", "left-align", "normalize variant", "bcftools norm", "chr prefix", "wrong genome build", "liftover", "REF mismatch", and "HGVS".

backend/cli/skills/biology/genomic-coordinates/SKILL.md

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Nov 6, 2026
License
Apache-2.0

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# Genomic Coordinates

## When to use

Any time a coordinate crosses a boundary: between two file formats, between two
tools, between two assemblies, or between the genome and a transcript.

## The rule

**A coordinate is three facts, not one: the number, the convention it is written
in, and the assembly it was measured against.** Carry all three or the number is
not interpretable.

Coordinate errors are the quietest class of bug in genomics. An off-by-one BED