Individual skill

dmaic

DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) — Six Sigma structured problem-solving for chronic, data-driven quality improvement projects. Use when a problem recurs despite corrective actions, when a process needs systematic capability improvement, or when a customer requests a Six Sigma approach. Use 8D for reactive single-incident problems; use DMAIC for recurring systemic issues requiring statistical analysis. Covers IATF 16949 §10.1 and ISO 9001 §10.3.

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# DMAIC (Six Sigma Problem Solving)

## When to use

Use DMAIC when:
- A problem has recurred multiple times despite previous corrective actions
- The process needs measurable, data-driven capability improvement (Cpk improvement target)
- The root cause is unknown and requires statistical analysis to identify
- A customer requires a Six Sigma approach or asks for a DMAIC report
- The improvement opportunity involves eliminating chronic waste (rework, scrap, test failures)

**Use 8D instead when:** The problem is a single customer complaint, an escape to the field, or requires immediate containment. 8D is reactive and fast. DMAIC is proactive and thorough — it takes weeks to months.

**Use PDCA instead when:** The improvement is incremental and the root cause is already known or assumed.