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django-orm-query-optimization

Optimize Django ORM query loading by fixing N+1 queries, duplicate related-object queries, over-fetching, serializer/template query loops, and inappropriate select_related, prefetch_related, only, or defer usage. Use when a Django page, API, admin view, template, serializer, or queryset issues too many queries or loads more model data than needed.

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Last checked: Nov 4, 2026

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Repository stars (not skill ratings): 1,533
Repository last updated: Nov 6, 2026
License: Apache-2.0

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# Django ORM Query Optimization

Use this skill for query-count and object-loading problems. The usual target is an N+1 pattern where each rendered row or serialized object triggers more database work.

## Workflow

1. Prove the query pattern.
   - Capture query count and duplicate SQL for the slow path.
   - Identify the loop, serializer field, template access, admin display, or model property triggering related queries.

2. Choose the loading strategy.
   - Use `select_related()` for single-valued relationships: `ForeignKey` and `OneToOneField`.
   - Use `prefetch_related()` for many-valued relationships: reverse FK and many-to-many.
   - Use `Prefetch()` when the related queryset needs filters, ordering, annotations, or nested `select_related()`.