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java-hibernate-jpa

Diagnose and fix Hibernate ORM / Jakarta Persistence problems in plain Java: N+1 queries, lazy loading errors, identifier generation, entity equals/hashCode, cascades, pagination, batching, locking, caching, Lombok on entities, and Hibernate 6/7 differences. Use when reviewing or writing JPA entities, mappings, and queries. Framework-neutral.

skills/java-hibernate-jpa/SKILL.md

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# Hibernate ORM and Jakarta Persistence

Problem -> anti-pattern -> fix library for entity mapping and querying. Framework-neutral: it covers `EntityManager`/`Session` behavior, JPQL/HQL, and mapping annotations. If the project uses Spring Boot and the `java-springboot` and `spring-boot-testing` skills are installed, use them for Spring Data repositories, transaction wiring, and `@DataJpaTest`; for Panache and reactive persistence see the Quarkus skills. Integration tests against a real database: `java-testcontainers`.

## First: detect the stack

1. Read `pom.xml`/`build.gradle` (or the dependency tree) for `hibernate-core` and the persistence API: `jakarta.persistence` (Hibernate 6+/Jakarta EE 9+) vs `javax.persistence` (Hibernate 5, see `javax-to-jakarta-migration`).
2. Note the Hibernate major version; behavior differs (see `references/tooling-and-versions.md`). Hibernate 6.0-6.1 implement Jakarta Persistence 3.0, 6.2+ implement 3.1, 7.x implements 3.2, and Hibernate 7 needs Java 17+.
3. Note the database and whether the schema is managed by Flyway/Liquibase.
4. Turn on SQL logging and statistics in a test (see `references/tooling-and-versions.md`) before "optimizing" anything: measure statement counts.

## Quick decision table

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