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denial-of-service

Denial-of-service attack vectors and prevention patterns for Solidity. Use when designing loops, batch operations, withdrawal mechanisms, or any contract that iterates over user-controlled data. Covers unbounded loops, gas limits, griefing, and force-send ETH.

skills/denial-of-service/SKILL.md

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# Denial of Service

## Unbounded Loops Over Dynamic Arrays

Iterating over arrays that grow with user interaction will eventually exceed the block gas limit.

```solidity
// VULNERABLE: array grows unboundedly
address[] public stakers;

function distributeRewards() external {
    // If stakers.length > ~1500, this exceeds block gas limit
    for (uint256 i; i < stakers.length; ++i) {
        _sendReward(stakers[i]);